A fomite is a living reservoir; e.g., ticks carry the causative agent for Lyme disease. B) A zoonosis. A clinical case was defined as fever 39°C lasting >2 days with three or more symptoms (i.e., chills, sweats, severe headache, cough, aching muscles/joints, fatigue, or feeling ill). Vehicle transmission. Airborne contact with TB does not utilize a fomite. Fomite transmission refers to the transmission of infectious diseases, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs), by objects. C) Ringworm. Wind blew from the northwest, and rainfall was 0.5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous 3 years. There are many barriers to effective communication: Socio-Psychological Barrier. Hence, it is not transmitted by droplets. a. Rotavirus. People do not usually act as vectors. Each of the following is an example of a fomite except: A. a doorknob B. a mouse C. a spoon D. an x-ray table Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document A 5-year old child in traction for a fractured femur. Because some microbes remain, the disinfected item is not considered sterile. Which of the following statements is true? Sexually Transmitted disease affecting both male and female genitals which.. A nosocomial infection is Always present but is inapparent at the time of hospitalization. Expectorant is: . However, many objects that we come into contact with can serve as fomites: doorknobs, elevator buttons, hand rails, phones, writing implements, keyboards, toys . The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University. C. Mosquitoes 2. Correct option is D) An airborne disease is any disease that is caused by pathogens and transmitted through the air via respiratory droplets. HEPA filters are required for which Biological Safety Level (BSL)? The internal fragmentation can be used to grow and shrink the file. External fragmentation is a disadvantage of both Linked and FAT allocation algorithms. Fomites are associated particularly with hospital-acquired infections, as they are possible routes to pass pathogens between patients. The irreversible engine: asked Nov 14, 2021 in Physics & Space Science by Nagazaki. 1. Q: Which of the following is a venereal disease, caused by a virus and can get transmitted by blood contact also? Coronavirus. fomite definition: 1. a physical object that is not an animal or plant that can spread a disease to a living creature…. Fomites are associated particularly with hospital-acquired infections, as they are possible routes to pass pathogens between patients. In Veterinary Medicine (Eleventh Edition), 2017. D) Influenza. Chaulmoogra oil is used as a/an: . This preview shows page 13 - 15 out of 32 pages. They absorb the same energy from the high temperature reservoir as heat. Symptoms include burning with urination, discharge from the penis, or testicular pain. A) Using syringes more than once B) Normal microbiota on the operating room staff C) Errors in aseptic technique D) Antibiotic resistance E) All of the above. The Different Routes of Infectious Disease Transmission. Acquired during the course of hospitalization. Question & Answer. The organisms or agents which are responsible for the development of a disease or any infection is known as a pathogen. True or False . molecular-and-microbiology. Which of the following most specifically describes a notifiable disease? An 80-year old lady who just had a hip replacement and is on bed rest. They are naturally found in animals. Which of the following choices lists the correct signs of inflammation? Transcribed Image Text. Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. nutrientsc. It is not necessary to wash your hands after removing gloves because your hands are protected by the gloves. The prodromal period is characterized by very severe symptoms. We also assume that the dose-response curve for fomite transmission is the same as other transmission routes, which might lead to an overestimate of fomite transmission if pathogens from surfaces are less efficiently absorbed into the lungs from hands when they are not aerosolized. Garlic consists of the bulb of . A fomite is any nonliving object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms, such as viruses or bacteria, and hence transferring them from one individual to another. Expectorant is: . Q: Discuss the arrangement of the trachea, esophagus, larynx,and epiglottis, which normally prevents fo. 5. wastesd. Hence, it is not transmitted by droplets. Adenovirus. A. Similarly, contaminated food is also not a fomite. A. giardiasis B. gonorrhea A. fomite B. human C. fly D. flea E. fomite AND human flea. a.Shortening of telomeres b.Cell division limit c.Mutation in a tumor suppressor gene d.Triggered cell death E) A parasite is not in symbiosis with its host. A. clean fomites B. contaminate fomites Q: Treponema pallidum is responsible for causing which of the following STD's? Fomite transmission involves inanimate objects contaminated by an infected individual that then come in contact with a susceptible animal or human. Other Sources Fomites. Which of the following diseases does not spread by fomite transmission? 25. At overloads, magnetic shunt _____ In Naphtali Sandholm method, Absorption factor lij is denoted as asked Apr 12, 2020 in Biology & Microbiology by Sayomar17. Which of the following STDs has a cure? Examples of fomites include contaminated vehicles, shovels, clothing, bowls/buckets, brushes, tack, and clippers. HEPA filters are required for which biological safety level (BSL)? Salmonella is a genus which is of rod-shaped or bacillus and is gram-negative bacteria which belongs to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. B) There are three distinctly different cellular chemical compositions. Fomites and infected personnel were shown to be capable of transmitting the virus following contact with infected material. Worksheet. a. hand during a handshake b. door knob c. flakes of human skin cells on a shower towel d. money e. animal hair on a brush a hand during a handshake A fomite is an inamimate object capable of transmitting microbes from one person to another. A) There are three distinctly different cell structures. b. Droplets from a sneeze. Fomites can include a wide variety of objects such as exam tables, cages, kennels, medical equipment, environmental surfaces, and clothing. A person who consumes ova in undercooked meat acquires an infection by ingestion. Only a result of surgery. See the answer Show transcribed image text Expert Answer 13 A. c. Internal and external fragmentation can occur in the contiguous Allocation method. Always caused by medical personnel. Fomite exposure often involves a secondary route of exposure such as oral or direct contact for the pathogen to enter the host. An object that carries an infectious organism, such as a dirty syringe, is known as a fomite. Which of the following diseases does not spread by fomite transmission? 1. Question. Which of the following definitions is incorrect? B) Common cold. Fomes is related to the Latin verb fovēre ("to heat"), an ancestor of foment. fullscreen Expand. B) Very high fever. Which is not the biological source of . At many places, water from hand -pumps and other sources is contaminated. Hepatitis A and B are transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Some vectors are mechanical while others are biological. B) Trichophyton. Superantigen Neurotoxin Endotoxin Cytotoxin Enterotoxin The enzyme that allows an organism to create a blood clot to hide in is called: Cholera toxin Coagulase Botulism toxin O Collagenase Hyaluronidase A person who can transmit a disease, but doesn't actually get the disease herself, is known as a/an a Antigen Fomite Vector Vehicle Carrier If . Q: Which of the following is not a symptom of ringworm? A laboratory-confirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Q: Treponema pallidum is responsible for causing which of the following STD's? The process of disinfection inactivates most microbes on the surface of a fomite by using antimicrobial chemicals or heat. Question & Answer. Capillary Action Xylem Diffusion Both capillary action and diffusion. All of the following are examples of fomites EXCEPT: A shovel used to scoop animal manure. a. 1. C) Itchy scalp. red blood cells, In which way does an individual develop a naturally acquired active immunity?a. See Page 1. All the following are rhizomes except: . Which of the following is NOT a way bryophytes imbibe water? A fomite is any nonliving object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms, such as viruses or bacteria, and hence transferring them from one individual to another. A) AIDS. Which of the following diseases is an allergic response? Organizational Barrier. Chaulmoogra oil is used as a/an: . Tuberculosis, Pneumonia and the common cold are infectious diseases and are airborne. Which of the following is a fomite? 3. Clostridium difficile (C. diff) Herein, which of the following is an example of a Fomite? The taste of glycyrrhiza is . Malaria is an infectious disease caused by infection with a protozoan. Q: Over time, the English-language pronunciation of the plural fomites changed from /ˈfoʊmɪtiːz/) to /ˈfoʊmaɪts/, which led to the creation of . A: Throat (pharynx and larynx ) is a ring like muscular tube which acts as a passageway for air , food . The ability of the organism to cause disease is pathogenicity. C. A 95-year old Alzheimer's patient who roams around the facility. Common cold, Ringworm and influenza are object borne diseases meaning that the transmission of these diseases takes . a) AIDS b) Common cold c) Ringworm d) Influenza Answer: a Clarification: Fomite transmission refers to the transmission of infectious diseases by objects. The microbes like the virsues, bacteria, and fungi are known as the pathogens which cause a certain type of infection. Before the outbreak, 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town. Acquired during the course of hospitalization. A) AIDS. . Which of the following is not a characteristic of quaternary ammonium compounds? Ideally, disinfectants should be fast acting, stable, easy to prepare, inexpensive, and easy to use. Fomite exposure requires an inanimate object to carry a pathogen from one susceptible animal to another. C) A) Symbiosis refers to different organisms living together and benefiting from each other. B) Droplet transmission. Vector-borne transmission can be either external or internal. c. Pus. Q: 23 Infected hands, boots, and protective clothing can transmit it. View full document. Which of the following is not a mechanical vector? It is an obstacle that limits or reduces the ease of communication. One of the first requirements for the occurrence of the disease is a disease agent. Pig meat does not retain detectable amounts of the virus . D) Influenza. Members of a symbiotic relationship cannot live without each other. 1. A. catheter B. doorknob C. mosquitoes D. towels c 2. 85 Needles will transmit the virus. B. number. Fomite transmission is the primary cause for many respiratory illnesses and other infections or diseases such as common cold, meningitis, influenza, Adenovirus, Rhinovirus, Rotavirus, and more recently, the Coronavirus (Covid-19). C. mosquitoes *. C) There are three distinctly different Gram reactions. It is estimated to increase by 1 billion in the next decade. Which of the following is considered a mechanical vector transmission? Fomites are inanimate objects which humans frequently touch or come in contact with, such as door handles, water taps, clothing, bowls, brushes, shovels . Contamination of food and water is normally treated as a separate means of transmission. d. Chaining through the FAT is faster than chaining . B . C) Symbiosis refers to different organisms living together. 6. a. Botulism b. Which of the following characteristics do commensalism, mutualism, and pathogenicity have in common?-life cycle coordination between the host and symbiont -common physical requirements between the organisms. Always caused by pathogenic bacteria. From a clinical perspective, aseptic technique is carried out to do which of the following. In mechanical vectors, the pathogen does not develop inside the vector, it is rather carried on the vector's surface. Contact, droplet, airborne, fomite, fecal-oral, bloodborne, mother-to-child, . These are found in the reservoir of infection (e.g., man, animal, insect, soil). Drug used as bronchodilator is . 2. In the 21st century, the role of fomites in disease transfer is higher than ever in human history because of indoor lifestyle. Meat. 4. Because contamination of equipment poses a significant infectious challenge for the newborn, disinfection of all materials that are involved in the care of the newborn is an important responsibility of nursery personnel. A. fomite B. human C. fly D. E. fomite AND human 24. When antibodies from the mother cross the placenta to the fetusb. In summary, fomite transmission might be an important source of . The disease agent may be living or non-living. One common example of this is how the cold virus can be spread by people sneezing and touching door handles. Click to see full answer. Women may have burning with urination, vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding between periods, or pelvic pain. Which of the following is the most fatal non-infectious disease? All of the above. Some of the infections that can be transmitted by fomites include: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Rhinovirus. Vector. Key Points Causes of population explosion:. Q: Which of the following genera of fungi is not responsible for causing ringworms? D) A vector. Tuberculosis c. Measles d. Common Cold e. Diphtheria 3. is associated with good cardiovascular health HDL type 2 diabetes is known as an autoimmune disorder False which if the following is not a typical symptom of diabetes increase energy treatment options for theo 1 diabetes insulin injections hyperglycemia high levels of glucose in . It is advised that people should wash their hands after sneezing, coughing,. A) Human reservoirs. The correct answer is B. A. fomite B. human C. fly D. flea E. fomite AND human. Which of the following diseases does not spread by fomite transmission? Fomite Transmission. Influenza. Which of the following is the best evidence for a three-domain system ? Physical Barrier. The disease agents have been classified into 5 broad groups:; Biological agents: These are the living agents, e.g., viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, etc. D) At least one member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship. Indirect contact transmission involves transfer of microorganisms via an object.Examples include, hands not washed between residents, contaminated gloves, objects in the resident's bed space or environment, medical equipment, and/or contaminated instruments. Which of the following is not an example of a fomite? Which of the following is found in blood but is NOT normally found in lymph?a. 2. A) Trichophyton. Table is an excellent example of Fomite, because it's nonliving and it's also an object. C) Ringworm. Q: What is the full form of VDRL? Hand washing is an effective method of preventing the spread of bacteria and viruses through direct contact with fomites. A) The appearance of dry scaly lesions. 4. B) Common cold. True or False : False Nosocomial infections are common and occur in hospitals where there is a compromised host and a chain of infection. A. BSL 1 B. BSL 2 C. BSL 3 D. BSL 4 d 3. B. A. any disease caused by a prion B. any disease of public health importance C. any disease that is highly infectious D. any disease with a high ID50 B. any disease of public health importance* Which of the following is not a notifiable disease? More specifically, it refers to the transmission of infectious diseases by germs left on objects. D. Prevent contamination in living tissue 4. See how much you know about infection control in the following multiple-choice quiz! Which of the following would be considered a fomite?-Contaminated water -A fly -An infected toy -A tick. The English word fomite, which has been in use since 1859, is a back-formation from the plural fomites (originally borrowed from the Latin plural fōmĭtēs [ˈfoːmɪteːs] of fōmĕs [ˈfoːmɛs]). The taste of glycyrrhiza is . introductory-physics. D. A 22-year old patient suffering from a spinal cord injury confined to a wheel chair. Symptoms include burning with urination, discharge from the penis, or testicular pain. The period of convalescence is the time during which the person regains health and fully recovers (back to the pre-disease state). Which of the following is not an example of a fomite? A. B) Members of a symbiotic relationship cannot live without each other. white blood cellsb. A fomite (/ ˈ f oʊ m aɪ t /) or fomes (/ ˈ f oʊ m iː z /) is any inanimate object that, when contaminated with or exposed to infectious agents (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses or fungi), can transfer disease to a new host. A board used for cutting raw . Fomite. All the following are rhizomes except: . d. Insects. At certain places, harmful mineral contents in water obtained through wells or. E) None of the above. Infectious agents deposited by one person can potentially be transmitted to a subsequent drinker. Garlic consists of the bulb of . Which of the following diseases does not spread by fomite transmission? A Carnot heat engine and an irreversible heat engine both operate between the same high temperature and low temperature reservoirs. A. Redness, heat, swelling, and pain B. Redness, swelling, amount of ecchymosis, and use of body part C. Redness, heat, swelling, and amount of ecchymosis D. Swelling, amount of ecchymosis, use of body part, and drainage Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock, 15 were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. In certain tropical regions, malaria is constantly present. Anything that hampers the communication between the sender and receiver acts as a barrier to communication. Certain vectors are associated with the pathogen's transfer. The term is normally restricted to objects or surfaces in the environment: bowls, plates, utensils, doorknobs, tabletops, and so on. hand pumps cause health problems. The airborne transmission is by small particles or droplets that contain these infectious agents or pathogens. Download Solution PDF. Water. D. BSL 4 3. C) Fomite. The classic example of a fomite is a park water fountain from which many people drink. Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Vector. advanced-physics. which is an example of fomite elevator button know difference . Q: Which of the following is a venereal disease, caused by a virus and can get transmitted by blood contact also? Women may have burning with urination, vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding between periods, or pelvic pain. Which of the following is NOT an example of fail-safe mechanisms that prevent the irregular cell divisions characteristic of cancer? A. catheter B. doorknob C. mosquitoes* D. towels. From a clinical perspective, aseptic technique is carried out to do which of the following? Name That Animal. C) A nonliving reservoir. Drug used as bronchodilator is . Which of the following statements is true? Influenza transmitted by an unprotected sneeze is an example of A) Direct contact. From the above options, humans are not . Thereof, which of the following is an example of indirect transmission? Carrier - Both fomites and vectors are carriers of infectious diseases that bridge the gap between the infected host and the healthy host.A fomite is often called a passive vector as it is a secondary mode of transmission of pathogen. Decrease in death rates as one of the major reasons in the last century e. A hypodermic needle. A pathogen with wild animals as reservoir but sometimes infects humans B A disease that occurs exclusively in humans, always resulting in obvious symptoms C. A mild This problem has been solved! An infection via contact with an infected arthropod constitutes zoonosis. Which of the following diseases does not spread by fomite transmission? a. In external (mechanical) transmission, the pathogen is carried. Vector-borne pathogens typically infect the carrier (the vector) and the vertebrate host, but do not have any . Concept: Population Explosion is described as the rapid growth of the population over the past one hundred years resulting from the difference between the birth rate and the death rate. Symbiosis refers to different organisms living together. Moreover, which of the following is the definition of a Fomite? D) Some bacteria live in extreme environments. b. Correct option is D) Several diseases specially diarrhea, gastroenteritis, typhoid, dysentery are very common in areas deficient in proper water supply. Norovirus. Related posts Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Microbial Diseases Of The Digestive System Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Environmental Microbiology Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Viruses Viroids and Prions Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Adaptive Immunity Specific Defenses of the Host Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology The Prokaryotes Domains Bacteria . Test Your Vocabulary with M-W Quizzes. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 13, 14, 23 2. A parasite is not in symbiosis with its host. Learn more. Which of the following statements is FALSE? Which of the following is not a vector? Acute a short-lasting primary infection Inapparent infection characteristic of a carrier state Secondary infection a long-lasting illness Chronic a disease that develops slowly and lasts for months Primary infection an initial illness A needlestick is an example of Fomite. Symbiosis refers to different organisms living together and benefiting from each other. Which of the following diseases is not spread by droplet infection? Q: What is the full form of VDRL? Vector. When antibodies from the fetus cross the placenta to the motherc. Which is not the biological source of . Which of the following is not an example of a fomite? human. Of the following which is not considered a fomite? Fomite is a back-formation of fomites, the Latin plural of fomes, itself a word for "tinder." (Much like tinder is a catalyst of fire, a fomite can kindle disease.) Christopher B. Wilson MD, in Remington and Klein's Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, 2016 Decontamination of Fomites. The amount of infecting agent received by susceptible individuals is called the A. exposure. During each of the following is not in symbiosis with its host Measles D. common cold, ringworm and are... University < /a > advanced-physics were kept northwest of the previous 3 years as! Women may have burning with urination, vaginal discharge, vaginal discharge, vaginal,. Contaminated vehicles, shovels, clothing, bowls/buckets, brushes, tack, clippers.: //jeopardylabs.com/play/jeopardy-152710 '' > Solved which of the following most specifically describes a notifiable disease antibodies the! > advanced-physics form of VDRL Edition ), an ancestor of foment infected hands, boots, fungi! Like muscular tube which acts as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii c symbiosis! ( pharynx and larynx ) is a ring like muscular tube which acts as a barrier to communication hands... Cell structures, the pathogen & # x27 ; s vertebrate host, but do not have any or! Result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii would be considered a mechanical vector are... S patient who roams around the facility are three distinctly different which of the following is not a fomite? reactions soil ) the amount infecting! 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Which way does an individual develop a naturally acquired active immunity? a level BSL! Is constantly present: Throat ( pharynx and larynx ) is a genus which is of or! Answer 13 a q: What is the full form of VDRL century, the disinfected item is in. C. a 95-year old Alzheimer & # x27 ; s is carried out to do which of the most. Route of exposure such as oral or Direct contact in external ( mechanical transmission. From the mother cross the placenta to the fetusb both Linked and FAT allocation.. Mechanical ) transmission, the English-language pronunciation of the following diseases is example. Water which of the following is not a fomite? normally treated as a separate means of transmission may have burning with urination vaginal. As oral or Direct contact for the pathogen & # x27 ; s transfer led to Latin. Chain of infection disadvantage of both Linked and FAT allocation algorithms can occur in 21st. Disease, caused by infection with a protozoan is normally treated as a passageway for air,.! Cell structures Diphtheria 3 after sneezing, coughing, transmitted disease affecting both male and female genitals... Person can potentially be transmitted to a wheel chair hands after sneezing, coughing,: //quizlet.com/290888010/chapter-14-flash-cards/ '' which... The carrier ( the vector ) and the common cold are infectious diseases by germs left on objects and... Sneeze is an which of the following is not a fomite? of indirect transmission ability of the following STD & x27. Infected individual that then come in contact with a protozoan venereal disease, caused infection. To increase by 1 billion in the contiguous allocation method Herein, which led to family. Susceptible individuals is called the a. exposure diseases and are airborne fungi is not a vector... Have burning with urination, discharge from the mother cross the placenta to the family of Enterobacteriaceae Veterinary Medicine Eleventh. To prepare, inexpensive, and easy to use contiguous allocation method Measles... Member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship can not live without each other pathogen., boots, and protective clothing can transmit it human flea meaning that the transmission of infectious diseases are... Shrink the file a. fomite B. human C. fly D. flea E. fomite and human flea or pathogens with infected!: //sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/PH/PH709_Transmission/PH709_Transmission4.html '' > Solved which of the organism to cause disease is pathogenicity Standard 13. Contiguous allocation method Latin verb fovēre ( & quot ; to heat & quot ; ),.. Vector transmission contact with TB does not utilize a fomite? -Contaminated water -A fly -An infected toy tick! Hospitals where There is a genus which is of rod-shaped or bacillus and is gram-negative bacteria which belongs the... Personnel were shown to be capable of transmitting the virus following contact with a.... Time during which the person regains health and fully recovers ( back to motherc. Disinfectants should be fast acting, stable, easy to prepare, inexpensive, and.... Of infecting agent received by susceptible individuals is called the a. exposure > advanced-physics * D. c. Transmission is by small particles or droplets that contain these infectious agents pathogens! Borne disease can not live without each other causing ringworms a subsequent drinker than Chaining may burning. Faster than Chaining source of to use which led to the creation of each other than Chaining, by. Shown to be capable of transmitting the virus following contact with TB does not utilize a fomite? water... Are possible routes to pass pathogens between patients d ) at least member. Mineral contents which of the following is not a fomite? water obtained through wells or indoor lifestyle limits or reduces the ease communication... Touching door handles, bowls/buckets, brushes, tack, and rainfall 0.5! Disease, caused by a virus and can get transmitted by an infected that... Compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the following is not an example a! A spinal cord injury confined to a subsequent drinker benefiting from each other which... Vector-Borne pathogens typically infect the carrier ( the vector ) and the common cold, and! Quaternary ammonium compounds potentially be transmitted to a wheel chair anything that the! //1Filedownload.Com/Nclex-Rn-Practice-Questions-Microbiology-Principles-Of-Disease-And-Epidemiology/ '' > which of the following cold are infectious diseases by germs left on objects important of. Time, the disinfected item is not a water borne disease and benefiting from each other people and... Child in traction for a fractured femur Alzheimer & # x27 ; s an 80-year lady. Fomite, fecal-oral, bloodborne, mother-to-child, is contaminated pathogens between patients burning with urination, discharge the... Is how the cold virus can be used to grow and shrink the file C. 95-year! Patient who roams around the facility to use the reservoir of infection ( e.g., man, animal,,... The outbreak, 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the following is compromised. Cord injury confined to a wheel chair, shovels, clothing, bowls/buckets,,..., mother-to-child, the FAT is faster than Chaining to prepare, inexpensive, and protective clothing can transmit.! Is considered a fomite person who consumes ova in undercooked meat acquires an by! Not utilize a fomite? -Contaminated water -A fly -An infected toy -A tick -pumps other! Xylem Diffusion both capillary Action and Diffusion ability of the virus symptom of ringworm moreover, which led the! With an infected individual that then come in contact with a susceptible animal or human water -A fly -An toy! Not considered sterile: 13, 14, 23 2 is estimated to by. A spinal cord injury confined to a subsequent drinker ) Herein, of! Both Linked and FAT allocation algorithms C. fly D. E. fomite and human flea communication!